The primary objective of FESS is to restore proper sinus drainage and ventilation, which helps alleviate symptoms of sinusitis and improves the overall function of the sinuses. The procedure typically involves the following steps:

• Preoperative Assessment: Before the surgery, the ENT specialist conducts a thorough evaluation, including a nasal endoscopy, CT scans, and a detailed medical history review. This allows the surgeon to assess the extent of the sinus blockage and plan the surgical approach accordingly.
• Anesthesia: FESS is performed under general anesthesia or local anesthesia with sedation, depending on the complexity of the surgery and the patient’s preference.
• Endoscopic Insertion: The surgeon inserts a thin, flexible endoscopethrough the nostrils to visualize the sinus cavities. The camera at the tip of the endoscope transmits images to a monitor, providing a clear view of the sinuses.
• Sinus Exploration and Removal of Blockages: Using specialized surgical instruments, the surgeon removes any obstructions, such as nasal polyps, infected tissue, or thickened mucus, which are preventing normal sinus drainage. The surgeon may also enlarge the natural openings of the sinuses to facilitate better drainage and airflow.
• Restoring Sinus Function: The surgeon may perform additional procedures, such as correcting anatomical abnormalities (e.g., correcting a deviated septum) or creating new drainage pathways to improve sinus ventilation. In some cases, small nasal stentsmay be placed temporarily to maintain the newly opened sinuses.
• Postoperative Care: After the surgery, patients are monitored in a recovery room until the anesthesia wears off. The recovery process typically involves following a postoperative care plan, including nasal saline irrigations, antibiotics (if needed), and pain management.