Parotid surgery, or parotidectomy, is a specialized procedure aimed at addressing conditions affecting the parotid gland—the largest of the salivary glands located near the jaw and in front of the ears. This surgery is primarily performed to remove tumors, both benign and malignant, and to treat chronic infections or inflammatory conditions. Given the intricate anatomy of the parotid gland and its proximity to the facial nerve, parotidectomy requires meticulous planning and execution by experienced surgeons.
Location and Structure: The parotid glands are situated on either side of the face, extending from the area in front of the ears to the angle of the jaw. Each gland comprises two lobes:
Facial Nerve Proximity: A critical aspect of parotid gland anatomy is the traversal of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) through the gland. This nerve controls facial expressions, and its preservation is paramount during surgery to prevent postoperative facial weakness or paralysis.
Parotidectomy is indicated for various conditions, including:
The extent of gland removal depends on the underlying pathology:
A thorough assessment is essential to plan the surgical approach:
Effective postoperative management is crucial for recovery:
While parotidectomy is generally safe, potential complications include:
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